Dear Vets:

I have heard a lot about the recent outbreak in Parvovirus in dogs in Cayman. My dog is not due for its annual vaccinations until December. Should I make an appointment and booster the vaccine early due to this outbreak?

Parvovirus is a very serious and life threatening disease. In Cayman, we usually experience about three outbreaks a year in the dog community. Since hurricane Ivan, we are having difficulty eradicating this terrible disease from our dog population. Unvaccinated pets and feral dogs continue to serve as a reservoir or source in the environment. In order for a vaccination to be effective, at least 50% of the population must be vaccinated. If your dog is up to date on their annual vaccinations (once yearly), then she is protected from exposure and there is no need to booster the vaccine early.

The main source of the canine parvovirus (CPV) is from the feces of infected dogs. The virus is shed during infection and for about two weeks. Ingesting the virus through contamination infects susceptible dogs.

Unlike most other viruses, CPV is stable in the environment and is resistant to the effects of heat, detergents, alcohol, and many disinfectants. Due to its stability, the virus is easily transmitted via the hair or feet of infected dogs, contaminated shoes, clothes, and other objects or areas contaminated by infected feces.

Direct contact between dogs is not required to spread the virus. Dogs that become infected with the virus and show clinical signs will usually become ill within 7 - 10 days of the initial infection.

It is important to note that there is no evidence to indicate that CPV is transmissible to cats or humans. Parvovirus may affect dogs of all ages. Parvovirus is diagnosed by a stool viral test. A complete blood count is also usually done.

The virus does not directly cause death; rather, it causes loss of the lining of the intestinal tract, and destroys some blood cell elements. The intestinal damage results in severe dehydration (water loss), and infection in the bloodstream (septicemia). Treatment involves correcting dehydration and controlling septicemia.

Most dogs with CPV infection recover if aggressive treatment is used and if therapy is begun early.

The best method of protecting your dog against CPV infection is proper vaccination. Puppies receive a parvo vaccination as part of their multiple-agent vaccine given at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age.

After the initial series of vaccinations, all dogs should be given a booster vaccination annually. The best way to avoid disease is early prevention with vaccines. If you haven’t already done so, vaccinate your dog against Parvovirus and other lethal diseases. Call your veterinarian today for an appointment.

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